Pelvic floor physical therapy involves the pelvic floor muscle group, which is responsible for a variety of functions. These muscles support the pelvic organs, assist in bowel and bladder control, and contribute to sexual arousal and orgasm.  A person may be referred to pelvic floor physical therapy to treat incontinence, difficulty with urination or bowel movements, constipation, chronic pelvic pain, and/or painful intercourse.

Women may see a pelvic floor physical therapist for treatment of vaginismus or endometriosis. Male disorders, such as painful ejaculation and premature ejaculation, can also be treated this way.

Pelvic floor physical therapists use several techniques:

• Education: You may need to learn more about your pelvic anatomy and how different components work alone and together. You may also need to learn how habits or hygiene affect your symptoms.
• Pelvic floor exercises: You are taught how to contract and relax pelvic floor muscles in relation to other muscles. You are also taught breathing and timing techniques to make the exercises more effective. Such exercises can stretch tight muscles, strengthen weak ones, and improve flexibility.
• Manual therapy: A physical therapist may use hands-on massage or stretching to help with posture, blood circulation, and mobility.
• Vaginal dilators: These tube-shaped plastic devices can help women learn to relax their pelvic muscles to allow easier penetration. Women who have been treated for gynecological cancer may also find them helpful for vaginal rehabilitation after treatment.

Pelvic floor physical therapy may be part of a treatment plan involving primary care physicians, sex therapists, and mental health professionals.